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The term that best describes a mortgage that originates from a court judgment is "Judicial Mortgage." This type of mortgage arises when a court issues a judgment against a property owner for a debt. Once the judgment is recorded, it creates a lien against the property, effectively securing the debt owing to the creditor. A judicial mortgage is significant because it demonstrates the legal process by which a creditor can enforce their claim on a property when the borrower fails to meet their financial obligations.

In contrast, a conventional mortgage generally refers to a standard loan secured by real estate that does not originate from any court judgment but rather from a financial institution or lender under typical lending criteria. Securitized mortgages pertain to loans packaged and sold as mortgage-backed securities, which is unrelated to court judgments. An encumbered mortgage signifies that the property has a lien or claim against it, but this term does not specifically indicate the judicial process involved in its origination. Thus, the precise nature and legal origin of a judicial mortgage distinguish it as the correct answer for a mortgage originating from a court judgment.